Willamette Valley, Oregon – USA

the territory

Willamette Valley is a biogeographical region in the state of Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The bioregion is defined by the Willamette River, which flows the entire length of the valley, and its mountainous borders on three sides: the Cascade Range to the east, the Oregon Coast Range to the west, and the Calapooya Mountains to the south.

The valley is home to the the cultural and political heart of Oregon, and contains approximately 70 percent of its population.

The Willamette Valley is a diversified farming region with a strong contemporary local food culture and economy. It has a complex history of territorialisation marked by history of settler colonialism and systemic racism. The Willamette Valley is known for its emerging agroecological dynamics. The bioregion is home to a vibrant local agriculture context, characterized by numerous small farms. However, these agroecological initiatives exist within as islands within a broader agroindustrial context of large farms dedicated to grass seed and ornamental production.

 The case will include a focus on the southern Willamette Valley (University of Oregon Food Studies Program and Urban Farm, and Willamette
Farm and Food Coalition)

Case study referee

 Stephen Wooten

Other participants

David Meek, Sarah Stapleton, Colin Anderson, Harper Keeler, Michael Fakhri

   swooten@uoregon.edu

Territorial food system

Type of region : Rural urban mix

Approximate size and population

3 million inh (of 4 state – wide) 240 km long

Increasing urban and suburban

Type of agriculture

Average farm size: 77 acres 98% are family farms, small-medium size; field crops/horticulture/livestock.

Over 170 different crop and livestock items are produced, including grass and legume seeds, tree fruits and nuts, wine grapes, berries, vegetables, nursery, Christmas trees, and field crops such as wheat, oats, mint and hops, hay, livestock and poultry and miscellaneous field crops.

Short circuits (and anteriority)

Main social issues

Rural poverty; unemployment around 5%

Income inequalities, racialized territorial history, political division = rural/conservative and urban/progressive

Presence of agroecologial systems

Only about 2-5% organic.

Some low till or no till, some green inputs.

Specific agri-food system dynamics and initiatives (and anteriority)

Some local commercial promotion of “local food”; Regional food banks and PR on insecurity; Local/regional PR and food access agents.

Agrifood transition

Main stakes for the transition : Health drivers, environment/climate drivers / Historic inequity; changing demographics / Organic seems stable

Key obstacles to AE transition

Strong and deep rooted industrial ag and grass seed production

Leading actors in the transition

Small Farms unit at Oregon State Univ; Organic wholesalers; University of Oregon; Oregon State University; Farmer groups; food coalitions

Institutionalisation of the agrifood transition

Some local, regional and national policy

Actors excluded from projects

 

 

References (studies) and contacts

Key initiatives

3 innovative initiatives

University of Oregon Urban Farm

In operation since 1976, the University of Oregon Urban Farm is a model for alternative urban land use where people grow food, work together, take care of the land, and build community. Throughout its history as part of the Department of Landscape Architecture, the Urban Farm has been a place and a process integrating biological, ecological, economic, and social concerns.

Willamette Food and Farm Coalition

WFFC has been connecting farmers and consumers in Lane County since 2000.

WFFC’s mission is to facilitate and support the development of a secure, sustainable, and inclusive food system in Lane County, Oregon

Black Food Sovereignty Coalition

BFFC serves as a collaboration hub for Black and Brown communities to confront the systemic barriers that make food, place and economic opportunities inaccessible to us. BFSC is focused on meeting these barriers with creative, innovative, and sustainable solutions. Built on a decade of work of founding members of the Black Food Sovereignty Council and other Black-identified leaders and stakeholders in the Pacific Northwest, the BFSC mission is to ignite Black and brown communities to participate as owners and movement leaders within food systems, placemaking, and economic development..

Trajectory

Method

The analysis of the trajectory relied on three case studies achieved in the region over a two year period. Each case study was carried out using a participatory methodology, involving relationship building with local organizations, participant observation of organizational activities, and semi-structured interviews. Themes for the trajectory were extracted following the synthetic analysis of the three case studies.

Detailed timeline

The detailed timeline highlights several important trends. First, the dominance of the period of settler colonization, which began in the early 1800s. This period was critical as it began the expropriation of indigenous lands for settler agriculture, and began establishing territorial processes of racialized labor. Second, our research highlights that beginning in the 1980s there began an alternative food movement in the Willamette Valley. Key organizations involved at a local scale include migrant farmworkers organization Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste (PCUN), the Eugene Farmers’ Market, the University of Oregon Urban Farm, and the Food for Lane County Youth Farm. In the early 2000s, expanding interest in urban agriculture led to the origination of the Latinx Huerto de La Familia organization, and the Rogue Farm Corps. The creation of these organizations heralded a broader cultural shift, which is our third major finding. This shift involved the increasing participation of young new farmers, and BIPOC (Black Indigenous and People Of Color) farmers. Our last trend was the importance of COVID; for many organizations, COVID provided somewhat of a boon, as organizations were able to get access to new sources of funding, and had rapidly expanding interest from new volunteers. However, for other organizations, such as Food Not Bombs, COVID and the necessary social precautions decimated the organizations’ capacity. In the current phase of “post-COVID,” certain organizations, such as HDLF (Huerto de La Familia) are expanding operations and opening new farming sites, whereas others are pushing for legislative changes, i.e. supplemental food access for all regard.

 

Willamette timeline